[Common textile manual] shoes

Overview

It is a foot wear that has a bottom and a gang. It has a protective and decorative effect. Shoes are articles worn by people in order to protect their feet from tangled, hard objects, and prevent freezing and freezing. They also have decorative functions and hygiene functions. Although footwear is only a small part of people's clothing, and it is in the “lowest level” that is not easily noticeable, its role is very important. Therefore, shoes have always been valued by people. And shoes are often used to show a person's identity and status. Chinese people often say that "no good shoes are poor and half full" and "footsteps are full of brilliance", which is enough to show that shoes play an important role in beautifying life.


The shoe has a long history. The image of our shoes was first seen in the celadon of the clan society. The oldest existing shoe is a pair of leather-sewn shoes unearthed in Chuxi, Changsha, Hunan. In modern times, most Chinese people wear cloth shoes. Only the upper class wears leather shoes when they wear suits and military uniforms. The number of people who wear leather shoes has gradually increased. Rubber shoes are popular with the rise of sports. At the beginning of the 20th century, China had a shoemaking industry that began to take shape. It produced leather shoes, cloth shoes, and rubber shoes. After the 1950s, it gradually formed a shoemaking industry system with leather, cloth, rubber, and plastic as the main materials, and became a major producer of shoes. .


classification

The shoes consist of toe caps, uppers, soles, heels, and auxiliary accessories. According to wearing objects, there are men's shoes, women's shoes, children's shoes and so on. According to the wearing season, there are single shoes, clip shoes, cotton shoes and sandals. According to shoe materials, cloth shoes, leather shoes, rubber shoes, bright shoes and knitted shoes.


material

Shoe materials are mainly made of natural fiber woven fabrics and leather. Since modern times, with the development of science and technology, the use of chemical synthetic materials has gradually increased. According to the structure of shoes, shoe materials can be divided into four categories: fabrics (upper materials), (in materials), bottom materials and accessories. Fabrics: There are mainly textiles (fabrics), leather, synthetic leather, rubber and plastics. Leather shoes fabrics are mostly made of tanned cows, pigs, sheepskins, grained soft leathers or velvet soft leathers, and synthetic leathers; high-grade shoes also use snapping turtle skins, snake skins, and chicken claw skins. Cloth shoes and rubber shoes use more solid, wear-resistant, heat insulation, moisture absorption and good breathable cotton cloth and woolen cloth, such as tribute, velveteen, and so on. The main materials for rubber shoes and plastic shoes are natural rubber and various synthetic resins. The lining of the shoes consists mainly of cotton, sheep (mian), cotton wool, felt, faux fur, elastic threads, etc. The rear half of the shoes has more texture than soft goats and sheep skins. The front half is made of canvas; the shoes of the shoes Most of them use natural white cloth or bleached cloth; the lining of rubber shoes is fine canvas. The main materials include cloth, hard leather, soft leather, imitation leather and rubber.


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